By Sample Author
Friend-shoring promises resilience by moving production to politically aligned partners. The logic is intuitive, but the economics are less forgiving.
Duplicated capacity costs money, and trusted partners are not always the most competitive producers. Meanwhile, deep integration with large markets does not disappear because firms add a second source.
A more realistic goal is optionality: enough diversified suppliers and stockpiles to absorb shocks, paired with transparent criteria for when security concerns justify higher costs.
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